Studi Literatur Sistemik: Hubungan Antara Kadar Serum Vitamin D Dengan Katarak

Abstract

Introduction: Cataracts remain a leading cause of blindness in adults. Vitamin D itself has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are thought to play a role in cataract formation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the risk and type of cataract. Method: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, which references data taken from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, the Cochrane Library, and the Nature Portfolio published through September 2025. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals or cataract patients who had their serum vitamin D levels measured. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Result: Of the 138 articles screened, seven studies met the eligibility criteria, consisting of three case-control studies and four cross-sectional studies (total n=37,267). Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may be associated with a reduced risk of age-related cataract (ARC). In diabetic cataract patients, 25(OH)D concentrations in the aqueous humor were found to be higher compared to senile cataract patients (95% CI: 0.34–5.01 ng/mL; P = 0.025). A mendelian randomization approach found a causal relationship between vitamin D and an increased risk of cataract (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00–1.22; P = 0.032). There was a significant difference between 25(OH)D levels across several types of cataract, with the lowest levels found in nuclear cataracts and the highest levels found in posterior subcapsular cataracts (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in cataract patients, with lower vitamin D levels than in healthy individuals. Serum vitamin D levels are highest in the posterior subcapsular type and lowest in the nuclear type.