Journal Title Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) DOI Prefix 10.59141 by Crossref Frequency 2 Issues per year (January & July) ISSN Online 2775-3077 Editor in Chief Cucu Herawati Publisher Publikasi Indonesia Indexing Crossref | Garuda Citation Analysis Google Scholar| Dimensions Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (Jusindo) is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal and open access to health science fields. The journal is published biannual by CV. Publikasi Indonesia. Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (Jusindo) provides a means for ongoing discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scope of the journal that can be empirically examined. This journal publishes research articles covering approach, which includes: Public Health, Occupational Health and Safety (Occupational Health; Hyperkes), Health Policy (and Health Analyst), Nutrition Science, Epidemiology, Environmental Health Engineering, Health Promotion, Life Insurance and Health Sciences, Environmental Health, Sports Science, Nursing Science, Obstetrics, Hospital Administration, Entomology (Health, Phytopathology), Biomedical Sciences, Ergonomics, Occupational Physiology, Physiotherapy, Medical Analyst, Physiology (Sports), Reproductive (Biology and Health), Acupuncture, Medical Rehabilitation.Journal has become a member of Crossref (Prefix: 10.59141) with Online ISSN 2775-3077 and Print ISSN 2775-0892
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Targeting TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Degenerative Diseases: Molecular Docking Study of Bioactive Compounds from Ramie (Boehmeria Nivea) as Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Agents
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as an upstream regulator that links chronic inflammation and oxidative stress through activation of the NF-κB pathway as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby contributing to the progression of various degenerative diseases. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) kombucha is known to contain polyphenol compounds and bioactive organic acids that have the potential to act as nutraceutical agents, but the molecular mechanisms of their interaction with the TLR4 pathway are still not fully analyzed. This study used the network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds of hemp leaf kombucha in targeting TLR4 in silico. Analysis of protein networks shows that Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) has a central role as the main binding protein in inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress based on the high degree of connectivity in protein–protein interaction networks. Molecular docking simulations show that all ligands are able to bind to the active site. The flavonoid compound catechin showed the most stable binding affinity with a value of −7.8 kcal/mol, followed by quercetin of −7.4 kcal/mol, while organic acid compounds such as D-glucuronic acid, gluconic acid, and citric acid were in the range of −4.8 to −5.9 kcal/mol. The stability of the ligand–receptor complex is confirmed by the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value ≤ 2 Å. The ligand–receptor interaction is dominated by the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions on amino acid residues at the TLR4 binding site, which contributes to the stability of the complex.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bruneitabba Billal Irawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Potential of Silver Nanoparticles as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents in Bacteria that Cause Periodontal Disease — A Literature Review
Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is closely related to the activity of biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Conventional therapies using antibiotics often face limitations in the form of bacterial resistance and side effects. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are reported to have effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Objective: This literature review aims to examine the potential of silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agents and antibiotics against bacteria that cause periodontal disease. Methods: Literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar scientific databases with relevant keywords. Results: The results of the study showed that AgNPs are able to inhibit the growth of periodontal bacteria through cell membrane damage, increased membrane permeability, disruption of intracellular metabolic processes, and inhibition of biofilm formation and maturation. Based on these findings, silver nanoparticles have the potential to be developed as an alternative or adjuvant therapy in the control of periodontal infections. Conclusion: However, further research is needed regarding safety and its clinical application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fania Alfadin Uba, Komariah Komariah, Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Single-Visit Root Canal Treatment on a Mandibular First Premolar with Three Root Canals
Background: In root canal treatment, accurate diagnosis of root canal morphology is crucial for treatment success. Vertucci reported that in mandibular premolars, 74% have one canal, 25.5% have two canals, and 0.5% have three canals. Therefore, pre-treatment radiography, careful examination, and appropriate techniques are essential to identify root canal orifices, especially in cases with canal variations. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the importance of knowledge about the morphology of the root canal system and how to manage root canal care in the first premolar tooth of the lower jaw with three root canals. Case: A 57-year-old female patient with a complaint of a large cavity of the left lower jaw premolar tooth, no pain and wants to be treated. The radiographic results showed that the tooth pulp was open and the morphology of the root canal showed that there were three root canals. Management: Access opening and search of three root canals is carried out using ultrasonic tips and magnification assistance with a dental microscope. The root canal is prepared with rotary NiTi fileby irrigation using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA. Obturation using thermal fill and the use of dental crowns as final restoration will be done at the next visit. Conclusion: An understanding of the morphology of the root canal system and the proper use of tools and materials will influence success in the treatment of complex root canals in premolar teeth with three root canals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Junaidi, Annisa Fitria Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pendekatan Kedokteran Keluarga Melalui Kunjungan Rumah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dan Hipertensi Di Kota Surabaya: Sebuah Laporan Kasus
Pendekatan kedokteran keluarga berperan penting dalam pengelolaan penyakit kronis, terutama pada lansia dengan komorbiditas dan keterbatasan sosial-ekonomi. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan menggambarkan penerapan kunjungan rumah pada seorang pasien lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan hipertensi di Kota Surabaya, dengan penekanan pada fungsi keluarga, sumber daya lingkungan, dan determinan kesehatan menurut kerangka HL Blum. Studi ini merupakan laporan kasus deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui satu rangkaian kunjungan rumah meliputi anamnesis komprehensif, pemeriksaan fisik dan penunjang sederhana, observasi lingkungan rumah, penyusunan genogram, penilaian fungsi keluarga dengan Family APGAR, dan asesmen sumber daya keluarga menggunakan SCREEM. Pasien berusia 67 tahun dengan riwayat diabetes melitus tipe 2 selama ±10 tahun dan hipertensi ±8 tahun, datang dengan keluhan pandangan kabur, obesitas sentral, dislipidemia, dan hiperurisemia; tekanan darah 160/100 mmHg dan gula darah sewaktu 221 mg/dL menunjukkan penyakit yang belum terkontrol. Family APGAR menunjukkan fungsi keluarga kategori sedang, dengan dukungan utama berpusat pada istri dan keterlibatan anak yang terbatas. Asesmen SCREEM mengidentifikasi hambatan pada aspek sosial, budaya, ekonomi, edukasi, dan medis, sementara aspek religius bersifat protektif. Pemetaan dengan kerangka HL Blum menegaskan bahwa interaksi faktor keturunan, perilaku berisiko, lingkungan yang kurang mendukung, dan keterbatasan pelayanan kesehatan berkontribusi terhadap buruknya pengendalian penyakit, sekaligus menegaskan nilai strategis kunjungan rumah dalam merancang tatalaksana bio-psiko-sosial-spiritual yang komprehensif dan berorientasi keluarga.
Copyright (c) 2026 Johanes Aprilius Falerio Kristijanto, Wike Herawaty, Ayu Cahyani Noviana, Farida Anggraini Soetedjo, Nur Khamidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modified Coronally Advanced Flap Technique for Managing Orthodontic Related Gingival Recession
Background: Gingival recession is one of the most common mucogingival deformities requiring surgical correction. Various mucogingival therapies are available as treatment options for gingival recession, such as connective tissue graft, coronally positioned flap, and acellular dermal matrix application. The acellular dermal matrix (ADM) contains undamaged collagen and elastin matrices and can be used as a substitute for a connective tissue graft (CTG) during the root coverage procedure. This case report studies the effects of ADM graft (SureDerm®) combined with coronally advanced flap (CAF) on root coverage and aesthetics for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions associated with orthodontic treatment in patients with a thin gingival phenotype. A 25-year-old male patient presented to the Periodontics Specialist Clinic at the Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, with the chief complaint of dental hypersensitivity and aesthetic concerns in the maxillary central incisors. The patient had undergone orthodontic treatment for two years and had worn a mandibular lingual retainer for two years before the mucogingival therapy. A modified envelope papilla preservation technique with the additional use of acellular dermal matrix (SureDerm®) was performed to improve gingival thickness and reduce recession length. The three-month follow-up showed an increase in gingival thickness and a decrease in recession length. The success of this treatment depends on the surgical technique and procedure used, and it is measured by the absence of further complaints and the correction of gingival recession. The coronally advanced flap technique with the additional use of acellular dermal matrix (SureDerm®) is effective for managing orthodontic-related gingival recession.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabia Yustiaputri, Eka F Augustina, I Gusti A Aditya Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Isometric Forearm Contraction Exercises Added to Elderly Gymnastics on Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure Among Older Adults in Kebumen
The global elderly population continues to rise, with Indonesia ranking fourth worldwide. The increasing number of older adults is accompanied by a rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In the Mutiara Sari Kebumen Elderly Community (34 members), low physical activity levels have been observed, increasing vulnerability to these health problems. Therefore, appropriate interventions are needed to help reduce blood sugar levels and blood pressure through the activation of regular physical activity. This study aimed to determine the effects of elderly gymnastics with and without isometric handgrip exercises on blood sugar levels and blood pressure, as well as to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions among elderly members of the Mutiara Sari Kebumen community. This research employed a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. The study subjects were 34 elderly individuals aged 60–74 years, selected using a total sampling technique. Participants followed an exercise program five times per week for four weeks. Instruments used included the Easy Touch GCU device and a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing. Paired Sample T-Test results showed significant effects in both groups (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). However, Independent Sample T-Test results indicated no significant difference between the two interventions in reducing blood sugar and blood pressure. Both elderly gymnastics alone and in combination with isometric handgrip exercises effectively reduced blood sugar levels and blood pressure, with no significant difference between the two interventions
Copyright (c) 2026 Asifa Maura Salsabila, Moh. Ali Imran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role and Challenges of E-Medical Records Implementation in Indonesia's Health System: Legal and Technological Perspectives
The digital literacy gap among medical personnel is a challenge, and the lack of understanding and skills in using information technology may hinder the effective utilization of e-medical records. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of e-medical records on the efficiency of health services, as well as evaluate the legal aspects governing their use in Indonesia. This research method uses normative juridical and empirical juridical research approaches; the research subjects consist of medical personnel, hospital managers, and IT system developers. In this research, the legal material collection technique that will be used is the literature collection technique. Overall, although e-medical records present challenges related to data security and privacy that must be addressed seriously, the development of a more comprehensive and clear legal framework will be essential to support the growth of this system as well as protect the rights of patients in the digital era; further regulatory development is still needed to optimize the benefits and overcome the challenges. There is a need for strategic planning that includes a thorough needs assessment, a realistic timeline, and adequate budget allocation; ongoing training for staff; establishment of an internal technical support team and mentoring program for users; and evaluation and monitoring with regular KPI measurement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novita Badiningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potential for Blood Glucose Reduction by Indonesian Plant Leaf Extracts: Systematic Review of in Vivo Studies
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. The rising prevalence of diabetes has increased interest in alternative therapies, including herbal medicines. Indonesia has abundant medicinal plants whose leaf extracts contain bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic effects, yet scientific evidence regarding their effectiveness remains fragmented. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the potential of Indonesian plant leaf extracts in reducing blood glucose levels based on in vivo experimental studies. Method: A systematic review was conducted by following the PRISMA guidelines through a literature search on the Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. The articles analyzed were original studies published between 2020 and 2025 that focused on in vivo studies examining the potential of various leaf extracts to reduce blood glucose levels. Discussion: Phytochemical analysis indicates that leaf extracts may act effectively by providing antioxidant protection to pancreatic beta cells, increasing GLUT4 expression, and inhibiting digestive enzymes. Although their effects can rival standard drugs with a lower risk of hypoglycemia, the current literature still has limitations, particularly the short duration of in vivo testing and the lack of chronic toxicity data. Conclusion: Indonesian plant leaf extracts show promising potential as natural antihyperglycemic agents; nevertheless, further studies involving long-term toxicity evaluation, standardized extraction methods, and clinical trials are required to confirm their safety and effectiveness in humans.
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Devina Febryanti, I Putu Adi Wibowo, I Made Lingga Tresnadinata, Ni Putu Cempaka Pradnyadewi, Made Ayu Rahayu Agastyane Rahmadewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review
Background: Alzheimer Disease remains the most prevalent cause of dementia worldwide, representing a major and escalating global health challenge. Objective: This study aims to examine the role of short chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer Disease within the framework of the microbiota gut brain axis. Methods: The research employed a qualitative design with a descriptive approach through a narrative literature study. Data were collected through systematic searches of peer reviewed scientific articles published between 2015 and 2026, focusing on gut microbiota dysbiosis, short chain fatty acids, neuroinflammation, amyloid pathology, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer Disease. Document analysis was conducted using thematic identification, data reduction, conceptual categorization, and inductive interpretation to generate a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence. Results: The findings indicate that Alzheimer Disease is consistently associated with reduced abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria and altered circulating and fecal short chain fatty acid profiles, which are linked to impaired blood brain barrier integrity, microglial activation, increased neuroinflammation, amyloid beta accumulation, and tau pathology. Mechanistic insights demonstrate that short chain fatty acids regulate inflammatory signaling pathways, epigenetic modulation, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and metabolic homeostasis. Conclusion: In conclusion, short chain fatty acids function as key metabolic mediators in Alzheimer Disease and represent promising targets for preventive and therapeutic strategies, contributing to a systems biology perspective and supporting microbiome based precision approaches in cognitive health management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komang Trisna Sumadewi, Dewa Ayu Agung Alit Suka Astini, Luh Gde Evayanti, Ida Ayu Laxmi Ananda Dewi Manuaba, Ni Made Gita Kusuma Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Management of Otomycosis in Pregnancy: A Case Study
Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal that commonly occurs in tropical and humid regions such as Indonesia. Pregnancy is a unique physiological condition characterized by hormonal and immunological changes that may increase susceptibility to fungal infections while simultaneously limiting therapeutic options due to concerns regarding fetal safety. This report details the clinical management of a 25-year-old pregnant patient (G1P0A0) at 24 weeks gestation who presented with complaints of severe pruritus and aural fullness in the right ear. Clinical examination revealed characteristic fungal debris with a "white fluffy" appearance. Management included aural toilet followed by the topical solution, a treatment selected for its high efficacy and established safety during pregnancy. The successful resolution of the infection without maternal or fetal complications reinforces the efficacy of combined mechanical debridement and topical therapy. This case underscores the importance of specialized ENT care in secondary referral hospitals for managing infections in high-risk populations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fierda Ovita Azhari, Gustav Syukrinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Asuhan Akupunktur pada Penderita Kecemasan di Rumah Sehat Alam Borneo Sangatta
Gangguan kecemasan merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang berdampak kompleks pada aspek fisik dan psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan asuhan akupunktur pada penderita kecemasan di Rumah Sehat Alam Borneo Sangatta, propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada seorang partisipan laki-laki berusia 51 tahun yang mengalami kecemasan berat dan insomnia. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), partisipan didiagnosis mengalami sindrom Stagnasi Qi Hati disertai Defisiensi Qi Limpa. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak enam sesi selama empat minggu pada Desember 2025 menggunakan titik utama Taichong (LR3), Neiguan (PC6), Shenmen (HT7), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), dan Baihui (GV20). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbaikan signifikan baik secara subjektif maupun objektif. Keluhan cemas menurun, kualitas tidur membaik dari sulit tidur menjadi 5–6 jam per malam, serta keluhan penyerta seperti gangguan pencernaan dan kelelahan teratasi. Secara objektif, kondisi Shen menjadi segar, selaput lidah menipis, dan nadi menjadi stabil. Disimpulkan bahwa terapi akupunktur efektif dalam menangani gangguan kecemasan dengan prinsip menenangkan Shen, melancarkan aliran Qi, dan menguatkan Limpa.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deddy Eko Wahyudi, Mayang Wulandari, Ikhwan Abdullah, Leny Candra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Design of a Web-Based Daily Inpatient Census Information System Interface at the Kanjuruhan Regional General Hospital
The Daily Census of Inpatients (Sensus Harian Rawat Inap [SHRI]) at Kanjuruhan Hospital is still carried out manually using spreadsheets, which has the potential to cause reporting delays, data input errors, and low accuracy of information needed for hospital management decision-making. This study aims to design a web-based SHRI information system interface that suits the needs of users and improves the efficiency, accuracy, and quality of recording and reporting of inpatient data. The research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires distributed to inpatient and medical record officers. The evaluation of the interface design was carried out using a usability questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results of the study show that the interface design developed is able to simplify the process of recording and reporting SHRI, improve data accuracy, and speed up information access. The usability evaluation yielded an average score of 84.4%, categorized as satisfied, indicating that the system is well received by users. The web-based SHRI information system interface design is considered effective, easy to use, and in accordance with user needs, thus having the potential to improve the quality of inpatient data management and support hospital management decision-making more optimally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmadyo Yudhi Prabowo, Riyan Pramudiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Characteristics of Cataract Surgery at the Banten Regional General Hospital in 2024
Cataract is the leading cause of treatable blindness worldwide. Cataract surgery has undergone significant evolution in recent decades, with phacoemulsification becoming the technique of choice in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of cataract surgery techniques performed at Banten Regional General Hospital in 2024. This study used a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery at Banten Regional General Hospital from January to December 2024. Inclusion criteria included all patients who underwent cataract surgery at Banten Regional General Hospital in 2024. Exclusion criteria included incomplete medical records. Based on the research, a total of 631 cataract surgery cases were found in 2024. The distribution of surgical techniques showed phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation as the dominant technique, with 625 cases (99.0%), followed by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with 3 cases (0.5%), and other procedures each with 1 case (0.2%). Monthly distribution showed the highest peak in August (96 cases, 15.2%) and the lowest in December (19 cases, 3.0%). In conclusion, phacoemulsification with IOL is the most dominant cataract surgery technique at Banten Regional General Hospital in 2024, demonstrating the adoption of modern technology in ophthalmology services at regional hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Java Indra Maulana S, Syifa Husna Mahmudah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Recurrent Inguinal Hernia in an Elderly Male Patient: A Case Report
Inguinal hernia is a medical condition characterized by the protrusion of intra-abdominal organs through a weakness in the abdominal wall in the inguinal region. This condition is more common in men and can lead to serious complications such as incarceration and strangulation if not treated properly. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of recurrent inguinal hernia through case reports. The method used was a case study of a 60-year-old male patient presenting with severe pain in the lower right abdomen that radiated to the right scrotum. A physical examination revealed the presence of an irreducible right scrotal herniation. The patient had a history of previous bilateral hernioplasty and risk factors including heavy lifting activities. The diagnosis was established based on anamnesis and physical examination, followed by a herniotomy with mesh insertion. The results indicated that increased intra-abdominal pressure and tissue weakness contributed to the recurrence. In conclusion, recurrent inguinal hernia can occur due to persistent risk factors, and surgical treatment with mesh insertion is an effective definitive therapy to prevent further complications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilmida Husniana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Differential Expression Analysis Identifies Novel Regulatory Genes in Endometriosis
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its high prevalence, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying disease progression remain incompletely understood. Objective: This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prioritize key regulatory candidates involved in endometriosis pathogenesis using integrative bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Publicly available human transcriptomic datasets comparing endometriotic lesions and normal endometrial tissues were analyzed. Data were normalized and subjected to differential expression analysis using adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |log2 fold change| ≥ 1 as thresholds. Functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were performed to identify enriched pathways and hub genes. Results: A total of 326 significant DEGs were identified, including 189 upregulated and 137 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis revealed predominant involvement of inflammatory signaling, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and steroid hormone response pathways. Network analysis identified IL6, STAT3, VEGFA, and MMP9 as central upregulated hub genes, while PGR and HOXA10 were among the key downregulated regulators associated with progesterone resistance. Conclusion: Endometriosis exhibits coordinated activation of inflammatory–angiogenic networks and suppression of steroid signaling pathways. The identified hub genes represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, warranting further experimental validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ian Pranandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Infection-Causing Factors and Antibiotic Sensitivity to the Degree of Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
The diabetic foot ulcer prevalence was 6.3% globally and 7.3% in Indonesia. This study analyzes the relationships between the type of germs and antimicrobial susceptibilities to the Wagner’s degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers on patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus admitted to Dr. Moewardi regional hospital. The method used in this observational analysis is a cross-sectional approach. The variables used were the type-of-germs, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and the degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers with the data extracted from 149 inpatients between the period of 2021-2022 and tested with Fisher’s-exact and multinomial-logistic-regressions. Data for the 4-most-frequent germs on the diabetic-foot-ulcers are Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%; 26/149), Escherichia coli (12.8%; 19/149), Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. Pneumoniae (11.4%, 17/149) and Proteus mirabilis (10.7%; 16/149). Data for the 4-most-frequent antimicrobial susceptibilities are ampicillin (20,8%; 31/149), sulfamethoxazole (20,8%; 31/149), gentamicin (18,8%; 28/149) and amikacin (16,1%; 24/149). Data for the 3-most-frequent degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers are the 4th (39.6%; 59/149), 3rd (31.5%; 47/149) and 2nd (19.5%; 29/149) degrees. There is no relationship between the type-of-germs and the degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers (p=0.111). There is a relationship between antimicrobial susceptibilities and the degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers (p=0.009). There is a relationship between the type-of-germs and antimicrobial susceptibilities (p=0,0001). There is a simultaneous relationship between the type-of-germs (p=0.029) and antimicrobial susceptibilities (p=0.032) to the degree of diabetic-foot-ulcers (p=0.005). Therefore, it is necessary to conduct microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on all patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Rizqi Ramadhan, Eva Niamuzisilawati, Tri Nugraha Susilawati, Dhani Redhono Harioputro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Repeat Acute Coronary Syndrome Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Case Report
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the primary reperfusion strategy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite high procedural success rates, patients remain at risk for recurrent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly those with significant comorbidities. We report a case of recurrent ACS in a patient less than one year following successful primary PCI. A 50-year-old female presented to the emergency department with typical angina, shortness of breath, nausea, and diaphoresis. Her medical history was significant for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a STEMI treated with primary PCI five months prior. Despite reported adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), she presented with tachycardia (104 bpm) and hypotension (155/55 mmHg). Electrocardiography revealed sinus tachycardia with pathological Q waves in leads V1–V4, consistent with a prior anterior myocardial infarction. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated hyperglycemia (228 mg/dL) and elevated cardiac troponin (44.2 ng/mL). The patient was diagnosed with recurrent ACS superimposed on an old anterior myocardial infarction. She was stabilized with loading doses of aspirin and clopidogrel and admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU) for guideline-directed medical therapy, including beta-blockers and high-intensity statins. She was discharged in stable condition after five days. This case illustrates that recurrent ACS can occur shortly after successful revascularization, specifically in patients with persistent cardiovascular risk factors such as uncontrolled hyperglycemia and hypertension. It highlights the critical importance of aggressive secondary prevention, strict glycemic control, and close follow-up to mitigate the risk of adverse cardiac events in the post-PCI period.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alief Rezkinanda, Sjaiful Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Compared with Polystyrene Sulfonate for the Management of Hyperkalemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review
Background: Hyperkalemia is a common and potentially life-threatening complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies involving adult patients with CKD and hyperkalemia. Studies comparing sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) with polystyrene sulfonate–based binders and reporting efficacy or safety outcomes were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed, and a qualitative synthesis of results was conducted due to study heterogeneity. Results: Eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis, comprising seven interventional and hospital-based observational studies involving 690 patients and one large nationwide cohort including more than 70,000 patients. In acute settings, SZC achieved rapid reductions in serum potassium, with greater or comparable efficacy to polystyrene sulfonate–based binders. In chronic management, SZC was associated with earlier normalization and more sustained potassium control. Safety outcomes were generally comparable, with favorable tolerability and patient preference observed for SZC. Discussion: The included studies consistently demonstrated effective potassium lowering with SZC across acute and chronic settings. While heterogeneity and the predominance of observational data limit causal inference, the overall findings support the clinical utility of SZC, particularly in facilitating long-term potassium control and treatment adherence. Conclusion: SZC represents an effective and well-tolerated alternative to polystyrene sulfonate–based binders for the management of hyperkalemia in patients with CKD. Further well-designed randomized studies are warranted to confirm long-term clinical benefits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bella Yanita, Januar Ishak Hutasoit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Workload with The Functional Degree of Low Back Pain in Warehouse Workers at The BULOG Rice Warehouse in Cirebon City
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a leading cause of global disability and often occurs among informal sector workers who are exposed to high physical loads, such as pelvic coolies. Pain intensity and workload are thought to play a role in the decline in functional capacity, but evidence concerning informal worker populations remains limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between pain intensity and workload with the functional degree of LBP in pelvic coolies at the BULOG Rice Warehouse in Cirebon City. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 38 pelvic coolies who met the inclusion criteria. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), workload was categorized by force weight (<20 kg; 20–30 kg; >30 kg), and functional degree was measured using the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS). Bivariate analysis used the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of p<0.05. Most respondents experienced mild pain (52.63%) and a moderate workload (47.4%). The median functional degree of LBP was 55% ± 4.77%. There was a significant relationship between pain intensity and the functional degree of LBP (p=0.001; r=0.530) with moderate correlation strength and a positive direction. No association was found between workload and the functional degree of LBP (p=0.327; r=0.163). Pain intensity was significantly related to the functional degree of LBP in pelvic coolies, whereas workload did not show a meaningful relationship. The management of LBP in informal sector workers needs to focus on pain management and functional capacity improvement through rehabilitative approaches and work ergonomics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Irwan Dharmansyah, Maryano Maryano, Kati Sriwiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Overview of the Level of Knowledge and Behavior of Social Rehabilitation and Child Care Center (BRSPA) Officers in Bimomartani Regarding COVID-19
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a global pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. The high number of cases in Indonesia, including in Sleman Regency, requires increased vigilance in various social institutions, including the Bimomartani Social Rehabilitation and Child Care Center (BRSPA), which has a child population that is highly vulnerable to infection. The transmission cases within the BRSPA environment demonstrate the importance of staff knowledge and behavior in preventing COVID-19. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge and behavior of Bimomartani BRSPA staff regarding COVID-19. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was drawn using a total sampling technique with 33 respondents. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire distributed online using Google Forms. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to illustrate the distribution of knowledge and behavior levels based on respondent characteristics. The study showed that 90.1% of respondents had good knowledge and behavior regarding COVID-19, while 9.9% had inadequate knowledge and behavior. Levels of knowledge and behavior were not evenly distributed across gender, age group, and education level. Furthermore, it was found that knowledge levels did not always align with preventive behaviors among some respondents. In general, Bimomartani BRSPA officers have good knowledge and behavior regarding COVID-19, but efforts are still needed to improve and equitably distribute health education to strengthen the consistent implementation of preventive behaviors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prastika Dica Izwara, Wulandari Berliani Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Lifestyle with Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Lowers Resting Heart Rate in Adolescents
Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing early cardiometabolic risk. However, global evidence indicates that a large proportion of adolescents do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, which may negatively influence cardiovascular indicators such as resting heart rate (RHR). Elevated RHR has been widely recognized as an early marker of cardiovascular risk and autonomic imbalance. This study aimed to analyze the association between physical activity levels and resting heart rate among adolescents aged 20–24 years. This research employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 100 participants were recruited using convenience sampling from the Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-L), while resting heart rate was measured through radial pulse palpation after a five-minute seated rest. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software with Chi-square testing. The results showed that 47% of participants engaged in moderate physical activity, 24% in vigorous activity, and 29% in low activity. Most participants (62%) had a resting heart rate above 80 bpm. A significant inverse association was found between physical activity level and resting heart rate (p = 0.019), indicating that adolescents with higher levels of physical activity tended to have lower resting heart rates. In conclusion, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with healthier resting heart rate values, suggesting improved cardiovascular function in adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stanley Lovell Hanson, Christiane Marlene Sooai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of Balloon Sinuplasty Compared to Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in The Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
This study addresses the growing clinical interest in minimally invasive surgical approaches for managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), particularly the use of Balloon Sinuplasty (BSP) as an alternative to Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). While FESS remains the gold standard for severe CRS, BSP has gained attention due to its reduced invasiveness and faster recovery. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of BSP and FESS in improving clinical outcomes among CRS patients. This research employed a descriptive-analytical literature review approach by analyzing scientific articles from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Selected studies include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses that meet established inclusion criteria. Key variables assessed include symptom improvement, quality of life, complication rates, sinus patency, and recovery time. The findings indicate that both BSP and FESS significantly improve symptoms and quality of life, with comparable outcomes in selected patient populations. BSP demonstrates advantages in terms of lower complication rates, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and shorter recovery time, while FESS remains more effective in severe or complex cases involving nasal polyps. In conclusion, both procedures are effective treatment options for CRS, and the choice of intervention should be individualized based on disease severity, anatomical factors, and patient characteristics to achieve optimal clinical outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Cecilia Gritce Widjaja, Ahmad Fauzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Concurrent Intratonsillar, Peritonsillar, and Retropharyngeal Abscesses: Case Report of Multiple Deep Neck Space Infection
Deep neck space infections are potentially life-threatening conditions due to their proximity to vital structures such as the airway, major blood vessels, and cranial nerves. These infections may spread rapidly and lead to severe complications, including airway obstruction and sepsis. This study aims to describe a rare case of concurrent intratonsillar, peritonsillar, and retropharyngeal abscesses, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative management using intravenous antibiotics. This research employed a descriptive qualitative case report approach involving a 32-year-old male patient presenting with progressive throat pain, dysphagia, neck swelling, and a muffled voice. Data were collected through clinical examination, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging, followed by continuous observation during hospitalization. The findings revealed elevated leukocyte levels and radiographic evidence of retropharyngeal space widening. The patient was treated with intravenous cefotaxime and metronidazole, along with supportive therapy. Significant clinical improvement was observed within 48 hours, with resolution of symptoms by the fifth day without surgical intervention. In conclusion, early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy can effectively manage selected cases of multiple deep neck abscesses. Conservative treatment may be considered in stable patients, potentially avoiding invasive procedures while ensuring favorable clinical outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Yovita Hamdani, Henny Widyastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Edukasi Manajemen Nyeri Persalinan Non Farmakologi Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Trimester III di TPMB Kusnaenih
Labor pain is a natural physiological response caused by uterine muscle contractions during the first stage of labor. In Indonesia, 22% of women experience severe pain and 15% experience pain-related complications, yet 63% of them have never received education on labor pain management. Lack of education leads to mothers being less mentally prepared, leading to anxiety, stress, decreased self-confidence, and difficulty controlling emotions. This study aims to determine the effect of non-pharmacological labor pain management education on the knowledge level of pregnant women in the third trimester at the TPMB (Private Midwifery Practice) Kusnaenih. This study employed a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design approach. The sampling technique performed was a non-probability sampling technique with a total sampling rate of 46 respondents. Primary data were collected, and the Wilcoxon paired t-test was applied for data processing. The Wilcoxon paired t-test showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post- test group averages before treatment, with a p-value of 0.000 <0.005. The video-based education presented information clearly and systematically, making it easier for pregnant women to understand the material, which resulted in an increase in their knowledge level after the intervention. There is an effect of non-pharmacological labor pain management education on the knowledge level of pregnant women in the third trimester at TPMB Kusnaenih. TPMB Kusnaenih is recommended to hold classes for pregnant women as part of antenatal care, using the educational video from this study as one of the educational media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hasna, Anjarwati Anjarwati, Sri Ratna Ningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transient Gross Hematuria Following Urethral Catheterization in a Patient with Severe Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion: A Case Report from a Resource-Limited Setting
Background: Gross hematuria in elderly men frequently raises suspicion of urological malignancy. However, benign anatomical conditions such as severe intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) may predispose patients to procedure-related bleeding, particularly following urethral catheterization. Objective: To describe transient gross hematuria following urethral catheterization in a patient with severe intravesical prostatic protrusion and to emphasize the importance of chronological clinical assessment in differentiating benign procedure-related bleeding from possible malignancy. Methods: This study is a descriptive single-patient case report. An 85-year-old man presented with acute urinary retention complicated by septic shock and acute kidney injury. Gross hematuria occurred immediately after urethral catheterization. Clinical evaluation included laboratory investigations and transabdominal ultrasonography. Results: Ultrasonography revealed severe benign prostatic enlargement (estimated volume 176 mL) with grade 3 IPP measuring 2.04 cm. The hematuria resolved spontaneously within 24 hours without clot formation or recurrence. No intravesical mass or hydronephrosis was identified. Conclusion: Severe IPP may predispose elderly patients to transient catheter-induced hematuria due to anatomical distortion and increased mucosal vulnerability. Recognition of this self-limiting presentation is particularly important in resource-limited settings to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations while maintaining appropriate oncologic vigilance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fadli, Welly Patanasalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relationship Between Job Type and the Incidence of Osteoarthritis at the Unaaha Community Health Center
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by damage to joint cartilage. Osteoarthritis can be influenced by several factors, namely systemic factors (age, sex, and heredity), intrinsic factors (anatomical abnormalities and injuries), and extrinsic factors (obesity, joint overuse, and occupation). This study aims to determine the relationship between job type and the incidence of osteoarthritis at the Unaaha Community Health Center. This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in the Konawe Regency area, specifically at the Unaaha Community Health Center. The sample in the study consisted of 68 respondents obtained using the purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained through medical records and then analyzed using the chi-square test and were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. The results of the bivariate analysis examining the relationship between job type and the incidence of osteoarthritis at the Unaaha Community Health Center yielded a value of p = 0.034, which is less than α (0.05); thus, it can be stated that there is a statistically significant relationship between job type and the incidence of osteoarthritis. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between job type and the incidence of osteoarthritis at the Unaaha Community Health Center.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miranda Septiani Septiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Quality and Safety Profile of Chili Sauce in Cirebon City
The quality and safety standards of chili sauce are determined in SNI 01-2976-2006. It states that if chili sauce is not handled and processed properly, it can be contaminated with hazardous substances that cause disease or poisoning, such as Rhodamine B. Long-term consumption of Rhodamine B may lead to liver dysfunction or malignancy. To observe the quality and safety of chili sauce based on its characteristics and to identify the use of Rhodamine B dye in chili sauce sold with snacks around Bima Stadium. This study was conducted descriptively using a qualitative laboratory approach at the Research Laboratory of Swadaya Gunung Jati University. Sampling was carried out using total sampling from food vendors around Bima Stadium, Cirebon City, who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were examined for chili sauce characteristics in terms of aroma, appearance, and color and tested for Rhodamine B content using the Rhodamine B Rapid Test Kit (Labtest Reagent®). Data were obtained from 18 samples, analyzed descriptively, and presented in tables accompanied by narrative explanations. Of the 18 samples, 2 samples (11.1%) of chili sauce tested positive for Rhodamine B, while 16 samples (88.9%) were negative. Abnormal aromatic characteristics were found in 3 samples (16.7%), whereas 15 samples (83.3%) were normal. Based on appearance, 4 samples (22.2%) were abnormal and 14 samples (77.8%) were normal. In terms of color, 2 samples (11.1%) were abnormal and 16 samples (88.9%) were normal. Rhodamine B and abnormal physical characteristics were found in some chili sauce samples.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salwa Oksiputri Aulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Vitamin D in Endometrial Receptivity for Successful Implantation
Successful embryo implantation depends on endometrial receptivity during the implantation window, which involves gene regulation, decidualization, and local immune modulation. Vitamin D has received attention due to the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the endometrium and its role in regulating receptor gene transcription. To review the scientific evidence regarding the association of vitamin D levels with endometrial receptivity and implantation outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). A literature review was conducted through a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect (2020–2026). Observational human studies assessing vitamin D levels on endometrial parameters or pregnancy outcomes were included; eight studies met the criteria. Vitamin D plays a role in the regulation of HOXA10, HAND2, decidualization, and the tolerogenic immune balance. However, clinical outcomes are heterogeneous; some studies show benefits primarily in deficiency states, while others find no significant associations with implantation rate or live birth rate. Vitamin D has the potential to be a permissive factor in endometrial receptivity, but it is not a primary determinant of implantation success.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fadilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Acute Low-Tone Sensorineural Hearing Loss Presenting With Non-Rotatory Vestibular Prodrome in a High-Risk Patient: A Comprehensive Case Report on Aggressive Systemic Corticosteroid Management and Prognostic Evaluation
Acute Low-Tone Hearing Loss (ALHL) is often recognized as the clinical manifestation of cochlear-restricted endolymphatic hydrops (EH), making it highly prone to recurrence and subsequent conversion into definitive Menière's Disease (MD). Given this risk, necessitate immediate and aggressive therapeutic intervention to stabilize inner ear function. This research aims to study the therapy and observation in patients with ALHL. Case Report A 27-year-old female presented with acute unilateral tinnitus, aural fullness and new-onset subtle, non-rotatory dizziness, unsteadiness and an episode of nausea and vomiting. Pure tone audiometry, showed a low tone sensorineural hearing loss. What do we have to consider in treatment of patient with ALHL to avoid worsening progression and achieve complete recovery? Literature research was carried out through PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords "Acute Low Tone Hearing Loss" AND "Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss" AND "Therapy". Based on the search, we found recommendations in managing patient of ALHL, such as high-dose corticosteroids, pure-tone audiometric evaluation, anti-hydrops agents, and other supportive management. There are several considerations in ALHL therapy in patients that should be carried out carefully and with comprehensive, prolonged audio vestibular surveillance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marsella Lulu Aulia, Gustav Syukrinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gingivektomi Pada Enlargement Gingiva Karena Malposisi Gigi Individual
Gingival enlargement is defined as a common clinical sign of gingiva caused directly by plaque that causes gingival inflammation. Gingivectomy is a procedure that can be performed on patients with gingival enlargement. This case report describes the management of gingival enlargement in a case of tooth 42 due to individual tooth malposition. A 20-year-old male patient came to Soelastri Dental and Oral Hospital in Surakarta complaining of swollen gums. The complaint was felt in the upper and lower front gums. The patient was unaware of the swelling, had never received treatment, and did not experience any pain. Gingival treatment for this patient began with phase 1 periodontal therapy followed by gingivectomy. The gingivectomy treatment in this case used a scalpel instrument and the results were effective in reducing the patient's gingival enlargement. The patient was advised to undergo further orthodontic treatment to correct individual tooth malposition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salwa Safira, Ariyani Faizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Postoperative Bleeding Following Involutional Entropion Surgery in an Elderly Patient with a History of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Use: A Case Report
Elderly patients often undergo dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for cardiovascular conditions, which increases the risk of postoperative bleeding, including after involutional entropion surgery. The management of antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative period remains a clinical challenge that requires careful consideration. This case report aims to discuss the risk of severe postoperative bleeding associated with continuing DAPT during the perioperative period and to emphasize the importance of comprehensive perioperative care in elderly patients undergoing eyelid surgery. A 76-year-old man on DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel) underwent right involutional entropion surgery. Four days postoperatively, he experienced persistent ocular bleeding requiring hospitalization. Hemoglobin decreased from 12.7 g/dL to 7.5 g/dL, while coagulation parameters remained within normal limits. The patient received a pressure dressing, systemic tranexamic acid, vitamin K, and three units of packed red blood cells. Following cardiology consultation, DAPT was discontinued. The bleeding gradually decreased and completely resolved within six days after DAPT discontinuation. The patient required seven days of hospitalization and blood transfusion due to the significant drop in hemoglobin. No further complications were observed during follow-up. Continuing DAPT during the perioperative period may cause serious postoperative bleeding, even after minor ophthalmic procedures. Careful medication review, multidisciplinary coordination, and patient education are essential to reduce bleeding risk in elderly patients undergoing entropion surgery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andyn Robioleny Saparin, Sukoto Sukoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rare Case Report: Guillain–Barré Syndrome As A Neurological Complication In Patients With Dengue Fever
Dengue virus infection has many complications, one of the rare neurological complications is Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Dengue virus is classified into four serotypes, namely DENV-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4, while the most frequent causes of neurological complications are DEN-2 and DEN-3. This case report aims to a rare case of Guillain-Barré syndrome as a neurological complication of dengue fever and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management. Case Reports: A 46-year-old man has had two main complaints of weak limbs, tingling and numbness since the last 5 days, followed by complaints of both weak arms, tingling and numbness since the last 4 days, accompanied by heartburn pain and double vision. The patient had a previous hospitalization history 10 days ago with a diagnosis of dengue fever with a positive NS 1 result. The physical examination found that the lateralized muscle strength of the sinistra and physiological reflexes were reduced in both legs and both arms, pain sensations and palpable sensations were reduced. The results of the examination are in accordance with the results of the ENMG examination, namely the AMSAN type GBS. Currently, patients are diagnosed with GBS as a sequel to dengue fever infection. The pathogenesis of GBS caused by the dengue virus is mediated by the immune system against the DEN serotype that affects peripheral nerves. Based on previous case reports, GBS cases are one of the neurological complications of dengue fever. GBS is one of the neurological complications in patients with dengue fever.
Copyright (c) 2026 R Zhafira Arrum Prabapatitis, Muhammad Adam Prabasunu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0